Catalog / Groningen Growth and Development Centre (GGDC), University of Groningen — Maddison Project Database

maddison

Groningen Growth and Development Centre (GGDC), University of Groningen — Maddison Project Database

Open · redistributedCreative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0)Long-Run & HistoricalMacroeconomics

Maddison Project Database 2023 — historical GDP per capita, ~180 countries, 1 AD–2022. License: CC BY 4.0 Source: https://www.rug.nl/ggdc/historicaldevelopment/maddison/ No API key required (direct XLSX download). Variables: gdppc (real GDP per capita, 2011 USD PPP), pop (population, thousands),…

Redistributable. This source is served as canonical Parquet under the license below, with attribution and provenance preserved.

Coverage

Series catalogued

338

Temporal coverage

through 2018-12-31

Licensing & provenance

License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0)
License URL: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Required attribution: Source: Maddison Project Database 2023, Bolt and van Zanden, Groningen Growth and Development Centre (CC BY 4.0)
Redistribution: Permitted (served here)
Commercial use: Yes
Modification: Permitted
Provider homepage: https://www.rug.nl/ggdc/historicaldevelopment/maddison/
Provider terms: https://www.rug.nl/ggdc/historicaldevelopment/maddison/releases/maddison-project-database-2023

How to cite

Groningen Growth and Development Centre (GGDC), University of Groningen — Maddison Project Database. Retrieved from https://www.rug.nl/ggdc/historicaldevelopment/maddison/. Compiled and redistributed by the Elkassabgi Data Library.

Processing: Retrieved from the official source, normalized to a long {series_key, obs_date, value} schema (period-start dates), de-duplicated, and stored as zstd Parquet. Compiled and redistributed by the Elkassabgi Data Library.

Access & mirrors

Download: Select & download maddison series as CSV →
API: Get a free API key, then GET /v1/series/<id>.csv
Canonical landing: https://econdatalibrary.com/maddison
Update cadence: irregular
Automated refresh: live — this database is on the daily update run
Update strategy: bulk snapshot if changed
Storage layout: single parquet data/clean_full/maddison/maddison.parquet (~208KB; schema series_key:string {variable}:{ISO3}, obs_date:date32 (Dec-31), value:float64, zstd). Skip-if-exists guard at lines 40-42; one XLSX download (first working URL) then one write (lines 133-138).

Full description

Structured metadata

schema.org/Dataset (Google Dataset Search)

{
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  "@type": "Dataset",
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  "url": "https://econdatalibrary.com/maddison",
  "identifier": "maddison",
  "isAccessibleForFree": true,
  "publisher": {
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    "name": "Econ Data Library",
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  "creator": {
    "@type": "Organization",
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    "alternateName": "GGDC",
    "url": "https://www.rug.nl/ggdc/historicaldevelopment/maddison/"
  },
  "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "keywords": [
    "Long-Run & Historical",
    "Macroeconomics",
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  ],
  "variableMeasured": [
    "Population (thousands)",
    "Real GDP per capita (2011 US$)"
  ],
  "creditText": "Source: Maddison Project Database 2023, Bolt and van Zanden, Groningen Growth and Development Centre (CC BY 4.0)",
  "citation": "Groningen Growth and Development Centre (GGDC), University of Groningen — Maddison Project Database. Retrieved from https://www.rug.nl/ggdc/historicaldevelopment/maddison/. Compiled and redistributed by the Elkassabgi Data Library.",
  "sameAs": [
    "https://huggingface.co/datasets/econdatalibrary-maddison",
    "https://zenodo.org/communities/econdatalibrary"
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  "distribution": [
    {
      "@type": "DataDownload",
      "name": "maddison — CSV",
      "encodingFormat": "text/csv",
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      "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"
    }
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}

Croissant (ML-ready, schema.org JSON-LD)

{
  "@context": {
    "@language": "en",
    "@vocab": "https://schema.org/",
    "cr": "http://mlcommons.org/croissant/",
    "data": {
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      "@type": "@vocab"
    },
    "sc": "https://schema.org/",
    "conformsTo": "dct:conformsTo",
    "dct": "http://purl.org/dc/terms/"
  },
  "@type": "sc:Dataset",
  "conformsTo": "http://mlcommons.org/croissant/1.0",
  "name": "maddison",
  "description": "Population (thousands); Real GDP per capita (2011 US$). GGDC. 338 series. Free download under CC BY 4.0.",
  "url": "https://econdatalibrary.com/maddison",
  "creator": {
    "@type": "sc:Organization",
    "name": "Groningen Growth and Development Centre, University of Groningen",
    "alternateName": "GGDC",
    "url": "https://www.rug.nl/ggdc/historicaldevelopment/maddison/"
  },
  "publisher": {
    "@type": "sc:Organization",
    "name": "Econ Data Library",
    "url": "https://econdatalibrary.com"
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  "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "keywords": [
    "Long-Run & Historical",
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  ],
  "citation": "Groningen Growth and Development Centre (GGDC), University of Groningen — Maddison Project Database. Retrieved from https://www.rug.nl/ggdc/historicaldevelopment/maddison/. Compiled and redistributed by the Elkassabgi Data Library.",
  "distribution": [
    {
      "@type": "cr:FileObject",
      "@id": "maddison-csv",
      "name": "maddison-csv",
      "description": "Per-series CSV, downloadable with a free API key.",
      "contentUrl": "https://econdatalibrary.com/download.html?source=maddison",
      "encodingFormat": "text/csv"
    }
  ]
}

Part of the Econ Data Library catalog · metadata generated 2026-08-02 from the central registry · browse all datasets